Laboratory Experiments for Chemistry

Description

• Text references to the corresponding sections of Chemistry: the Central Science have been added.
• All experiments have been carefully edited for accuracy, safety, and cost.
• New “Give it Some Thought” (GIST) questions aid the student in understanding the principles exemplified by the experiment
• New experiments concerning equilibrium thermodynamics and crystalline solids have been added.
• More helpful hints in the Annotated Instructor’s Edition (AIE) have been added.

Prepared by John H. Nelson and Kenneth C. Kemp, both of the University of Nevada. This manual contains 43 finely tuned experiments chosen to introduce students to basic lab techniques and to illustrate core chemical principles. You can also customize these labs through Catalyst, our custom database program. For more information, visit http://www.pearsoncustom.com/custom-library/catalyst

In the thirteenth edition, all experiments were carefully edited for accuracy and safety.  Pre-labs and questions were revised and several experiments were added or changed. Two of the new experiments are designated for chapter 11, which is notable because no experiments were designated for chapter 11 in the twelfth edition.

• NEW! Solubility and the Effect of Temperature on Solubility is a new experiment in which the students measure the solubility above and below ambient temperature to generate a solubility curve. The students also determine the mass of an unknown solid in a saturated solution and then read a graph to identify the unknown solid.
• NEW! Freezing Point Depression is an experiment that replaces Colligative Properties: Freezing Point Depression and Molar Mass. It now uses lauric acid, a non-toxic, non-flammable and and inexpensive compound, in place of cyclohexane as the solvent used to determine the molar mass of an unknown organic compound.
• NEW! Enthalpy of Vaporization and Clausius—Clapeyron Equation is a new experiment that students perform to determine the enthalpy of vaporization of a compound by measuring the vapor pressure as a function of temperature.
• NEW! Experiments concerning equilibrium thermodynamics and crystalline solids have been added.

• NEW! Text references to the corresponding sections of Chemistry: the Central Science have been added.
• NEW! “Give it Some Thought” (GIST) questions aid the student in understanding the principles exemplified by the experiment
• NEW! More helpful hints in the Annotated Instructor’s Edition (AIE) have been added.

1. Basic Laboratory Techniques

2. Identification of Substances by Physical Properties

3. Separation of the Components of a Mixture

4. Chemical Reactions

5. Chemical Formulas

6. Chemical Reactions of Copper and Percent Yield

7. Chemical in Everyday Life: What Are They and How Do We Know?

8. Gravimetric Analysis of a Chloride Salt

9. Gravimetric Determination of Phosphorus in Plant Food

10. Paper Chromatography: Separation of Cations and Dyes

11. Molecular Geometries of Covalent Molecules: Lewis Structures and the VSEPR Model

12. Atomic Spectra and Atomic Structure

13. Behavior of Gases: Molar Mass of a Vapor

14. Determination of R: The Gas Law Constant

15. Activity Series

16. Electrolysis, the Faraday, and Avogadro’s Number

17. Electrochemical Cells and Thermodynamics

18. The Chemistry of Oxygen: Basic and Acidic Oxides and the Periodic Table

19. Colligative Properties: Freezing Point Depression and Molar Mass

20. Titration of Acids and Bases

21. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions: Metathesis Reactions and Net Ionic Equations

22. Colorimetric Determination of an Equilibrium Constant in Aqueous Solution

23. Chemical Equilibrium: Le Châtelier’s Principles

24. Hydrolysis of Salts and pH of Buffer Solutions

25. Determination of the Dissociation Constant of a Weak Acid

26. Titration Curves of Polyprotic Acids

27. Determination of the Solubility- Product Constant for a Sparingly Soluble Salt

28. Heat of Neutralization

29. Rates of Chemical Reactions I: A Clock Reaction

30. Rates of Chemical Reactions II: Rate and Order of H₂O₂ Decomposition

31. Introduction to Qualitative Analysis

32. Abbreviated Qualitative Analysis Scheme

Part I: Chemistry of Group 1 Cations: Pb²⁺, Ag⁺, Hg₂²⁺

Part II: Chemistry of Group 2 Cations: Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Bi³⁺, Sn⁴⁺

Part III: Chemistry of Group 3 Cations: Fe³⁺, Ni²⁺, Mn²⁺, Al³⁺

Part IV: Chemistry of Group 4 Cations: Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺, NH₄⁺, Na⁺

Part V: Chemistry of Anions: SO₄^2-, NO₃^–, CO₃^2-, Cl^–, Br^–, I^–, CrO₄^2-, PO₄^3-, S^2-, SO₃^2-

Part VI: Analysis of a Simple Salt

33. Colorimetric Determination of Iron

34. Solubility and Thermodynamics

35. Analysis of Water for Dissolved Oxygen

36. Preparation and Reactions of Coordination Compounds: Oxalate Complexes

37. Oxidation-Reduction Titrations I: Determination of Oxalate

38. Preparation of Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Carbonate

39. Oxidation-Reduction Titrations II: Analysis of Bleach

40. Molecular Geometry: Experience with Models

41. Preparation of Aspirin and Oil of Wintergreen

42. Analysis of Aspirin

43. Crystalline Solids

 

Appendices

A. The Laboratory Notebook

B. Chemical Arithmetic

C. Graphical Interpretation of Data: Calibration Curves and Least-Squares Analysis

D. Summary of Solubility Properties of Ions and Solids

E. Solubility-Product Constants for Compounds at 25°C

F. Dissociation Constants for Acids at 25°C

G. Dissociation Constants for Bases at 25°C

H. Selected Standard Reduction Potentials at 25°C

I. Spreadsheets

J. Qualitative-Analysis Techniques

K. Answers to Selected Pre-lab Questions

L. Vapor Pressure of Water at Various Temperatures

M. Names, Formulas, and Charges of Common Ions

N. Some Molar Masses

O. Basic SI Units, Some Derived SI Units, and Conversion Factors

P. Composition of Commercial Reagent Acids and Bases

 

Prepared by John H. Nelson and Kenneth C. Kemp, both of the University of Nevada. This manual contains 43 finely tuned experiments chosen to introduce students to basic lab techniques and to illustrate core chemical principles. You can also customize these labs through Catalyst, our custom database program. For more information, visit http://www.pearsoncustom.com/custom-library/catalyst