Essentials of American Government

Description

Karen O’Connor is the Jonathan N. Helfat Distinguished Professor of Political Science and the Founder and Director Emerita of the Women & Politics Institute at American University. Before coming to American University, Karen taught political science for seventeen years at Emory University in Atlanta, GA, where she was the first woman to receive the university’s highest teaching award. She has been recognized by several associations as the most outstanding woman in political science and public administration as well as by the Southern Political Science Association for her contributions to the discipline. From 2010-2012, she has been selected by The Irish Times as one of the top 100 Irish American lawyers in the United States.

Dubbed “the most quoted college professor in the land” by the Wall Street Journal, Larry J. Sabato bridges the gap between the ivory tower and the real world of politics. A Rhodes Scholar, Dr. Sabato has taught more than 15,000 students in his career at Oxford University, Cambridge University, and the University of Virginia. He has received every major teaching award at the University of Virginia, and in 2001, he was named the Thomas Jefferson Award winner. Dr. Sabato is the University Professor of Politics and director of the University of Virginia’s Center for Politics, founded in 1998 to improve civic education and the political process. Follow Larry’s Crystal Ball at www.centerforpolitics.org/crystalball.

Alixandra B. Yanus is Assistant Professor of Political Science at High Point University, where she teaches courses in Enduring Questions in Political Science, American Government, and Research Methods. She holds a B.A. in Political Science (summa cum laude) from American University and a M.A. and Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her scholarly research has appeared in peer-reviewed venues including Justice System Journal and Politics and Gender and in book chapters published by Oxford University Press, CQ Press, and Sage.

PERSONALIZE LEARNING WITH MYPOLISCILAB

• Integration–To create a tighter pedagogical connection between this book and MyPoliSciLab, we integrated several new features that move students from the book to online active learning opportunities.
• New design–A new design simplifies the presentation of content to facilitate print and digital reading experiences. It also focuses reading by turning our book’s learning objectives into a clear learning path backed by personalized study plans on MyPoliSciLab.
• Videos–Videos now support the narrative in each chapter. The authors frame each chapter topic, and interviews with political scientists and everyday citizens look at interesting aspects of each topic. The videos are listed at each chapter’s start and can be watched on MyPoliSciLab.
• Infographics–Infographics demonstrate how political scientists use data to answer questions like “How Long Did it Take to Ratify the Constitution?” or “What Influences a President’s Public Approval?” On MyPoliSciLab, students can use interactive data to further investigate the same question.
• “On MyPoliSciLab”–In every chapter, “On MyPoliSciLab” helps students review what they just read. In addition to a chapter summary, key term list, short quiz, and further reading list, there are reminders to use the chapter audio, practice tests, and flashcards on MyPoliSciLab.

 ENGAGE STUDENTS

• Opening vignettes–New opening vignettes vignettes for thirteen of the eighteen chapters deliver up-to-the moment coverage that addresses issues at the forefront of political debates. These openers were written to engage students in the conversations that take place in today’s world.

IMPROVE CRITICAL THINKING

• “Take a Closer Look”–Take a Closer Look is a new feature which includes targeted critical thinking questions to encourage deeper engagement with analyzing visual information. These features take students beyond answering solely the “what” of the visual and help them to better focus on the “why.”
• “Explore Your World”–“Explore Your World” is a new feature that includes a more comparative visual study of politics around the world, including up-to-date images and critical thinking questions that ask readers to examine some of the most commonly held assumptions about how American government does or should function in an increasingly globalized world.

ANALYZE CURRENT EVENTS

• Current analysis–The 2012 Election Edition features the most current analysis of American government and politics, including the 2011 and 2012 terms of the Supreme Court; new development in social, economy, and foreign policy; and of course, the 2012 presidential and congressional elections.
• 2012 congressional elections– Complete coverage of the 2012 congressional elections and the makeup of the 112th Congress and the incoming 113th Congress are included, as well as a discussion of major recent shifts in congressional rules and roles in budgeting, lawmaking, and oversight.
• 2012 presidential election– Complete coverage of the 2012 presidential electioncontest, including the Republican primaries and the general election between Governor Mitt Romney and President Barack Obama. Coverage of election night results and analysis of the implications of the election for American politics are also included.
• 2011 and 2012 terms of the U.S. Supreme Court– Complete coverage of the 2011 and 2012 terms of the U.S. Supreme Court on important issues such as healthcare, immigration, and criminal procedure.
• Policy chapters–Policy chapters have been dramatically revisedwith the latest information on healthcare, education, and energy and the environment in domestic policy today; new coverage of the 2012 fiscal cliff, how the government responded to the recession, the debt ceiling crises of 2011 and 2012; and updated coverage of Obama’s recent foreign policy engagement as well as the latest challenges the U.S. faces in the world today.
• Photos–Over 30% of the photos in this edition are new. They capture major events from the last few years, of course, but to illustrate politics’ relevancy, they show political actors and processes as well as people affected by politics, creating a visual narrative that enhances rather than repeats the text.
• Data—The data in all of the figures and tables have been updated throughout.

Chapter by Chapter Changes

CHAPTER 1, “AMERICAN GOVERNMENT:  ROOTS, CONTEXT, AND CULTURE”

• “The Changing American Public” section updated with 2010 census data and 2012 election results.
• “Toward Reform” section includes updated coverage on Americans’ declining trust in political institutions.
• Figure 1.2 “How Does Population Affect Representation” updated to include 2013 projections.
• Figure 1.3 “What Are Americans’ Political Ideologies?” updated to include 2012 data.
• Figure 1.4 “Do Americans Have Confidence in Political Institutions” updated to include 2012 data.
• NEW Explore Your World feature looks at immigration detention centers in the U.S., Australia, and Italy.
• NEW Take a Closer Look feature examines the Nolan Chart of political ideology.
• NEW Simulation: You Are A City Council Member
• NEW Explorer Infographic and MyPoliSciLab Exercise: How Do You Measure Freedom?
• NEW Infographic: Is the American Dream Still Alive?
• NEW Core Concept Videos available on MyPoliSciLab:
  • The Big Picture Is it really possible for anyone born in the United States to become president? Author Karen O’Connor describes how the political landscape in America has radically changed over time due to shifting demographics, and explains why these changes are going to affect policy decisions in the future.
  • The Basics What function does government serve? In this video, you will analyze this question and explore the core values that shape our political system and how the growing diversity of our population is changing — and reaffirming — the definition of what it means to be American.
  • In Context Discuss the importance of American exceptionalism in American political culture. In this video, University of Oklahoma political scientist Allyson Shortle examines the core values that make up American political culture. She also discusses how these values gave rise to the American Dream.
  • Thinking Like A Political Scientist Find out how and why research on American politics has shifted. Boston University political scientist Neta C. Crawford discusses how scholars who once focused on voters and institutions are now looking at deliberation as the primary indicator of the health of a democratic system.
  • In the Real World What is the government’s function in everyday life? Real people share their opinions on how involved the federal government should be in education by evaluating the effectiveness of the No Child Left Behind Act, which encourages standardized testing.
  • So What? What is your government doing for you? Author Karen O’Connor lays out the most pressing issues that America faces today–including student loans and Social Security–and argues that students must understand how the government works in order to be taken care of later on.

 CHAPTER 2, “THE CONSTITUTION”

• NEW Take a Closer Look feature examines Thomas Jefferson’s “Rough Draught” of the Declaration of Independence.
• NEW Explore Your World feature looks at the difference between Norway’s 1814 constitution and Russia’s 1993 constitution.
• NEW Simulation: You Are A Founder
• NEW Infographic: Who Were the Framers?
• NEW Explorer Infographic and MyPoliSciLab Exercise: How Long Did It Take to Ratify the Constitution?
• NEW Core Concept Videos available on MyPoliSciLab:
  • The Big Picture Discover why what the Constitution does not say is just as important as what it does say. Author Alixandra B. Yanus considers how the government refers to the Constitution for answers to current questions that it does not explicitly address, thereby leaving plenty of room for interpretation.
  • The Basics What is the purpose of a Constitution? In this video, you will discover the reasons why the framers wrote the Constitution and how the Constitution sets up checks and balances, the protection of liberties, and the framework we need for a functioning democracy.
  • In Context Why is it unusual that the United States Constitution has governed so long in its present form? Fordham University political scientist Costas Panagopolos explains why the Constitution is such a rarity and how it has succeeded in an evolving American society.
  • Thinking Like A Political Scientist How do the institutions created by the U.S. Constitution operate and how has their role changed over time? Fordham University political scientist Costas Panagopolos examines this and other emerging issues in the research and in the study of the Constitution.
  • In the Real World How well does the system of checks and balances in the United States work, and is it actually fair? Real people voice their opinions on whether or not they believe it is constitutional for Congress to check the power of the president–and vice versa.
  • So What? The United States has changed a lot in the past two-hundred years; so why have we always been governed by the same document?  In this video, author Alixandra B. Yanus explain the unique features of the U.S. constitution that have allowed it to remain effective for so long.

CHAPTER 3, “THE FEDERAL SYSTEM”

• Chapters 3 (Federalism) and 4 (State and Local Government) from the previous edition streamlined into a single chapter.
• NEW opening vignette on recent Supreme Court decisions on immigration.
•  “Judicial Federalism” section rewritten and reframed around the Roberts Court and its 2012 landmark decisions on immigration and healthcare.
• “Toward Reform” section updated to include SCOTUS decision over 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
• Figure 3.3 “How Many Governments Exist in the United States?” updated.
• NEW Explore Your World feature looks at federal systems around the world.
• NEW Take a Closer Look feature examines the role of federal grants in state budgets.
• NEW Simulation: You Are A Federal Judge
• NEW Explorer Infographic and MyPoliSciLab Exercise: Which States Win or Lose the Federal Aid Game?
• NEW Infographic: How Has the Federal-State Relationship Evolved?
• NEW Core Concept Videos available on MyPoliSciLab:
  • The Big Picture What is the source of all power in the United States? The answer may surprise you. Author Karen O’Connor delves into how federalism works, and reveals why the framers chose to use a system that was so different from what the states expected.
  • The Basics Are you a states-right advocate? This video will help you understand how powers and responsibilities are divided between the national and state governments. You’ll also discover how the powers of the national government have expanded and consider whether this is in the best interests of the people.
  • In Context What is the primary mechanism for federalism in the United States? In this video, Barnard College political scientist Scott L. Minkoff explains how the national government tries to force state governments to adopt its policies and how state governments respond.
  • Thinking Like A Political Scientist Find answers to the most current questions that scholars of federalism are raising in the areas of welfare reform and state rights. Barnard College political scientist Scott L. Minkoff explores the challenges faced by state-rights advocates once they are elected to Congress.
  • In the Real World Should the federal government be allowed to mandate health care reform or should that power belong to the states? Hear supporters and detractors of Obamacare explain their opinions, and learn about the recent Supreme Court decision that handed this power to the federal government.
  • So What? How is a public school in Arkansas different from a public school in New Hampshire? Author Karen O’Connor discusses why–until recently–there were no national standards for public schools in the United States, and why the system of federalism creates these and other differences between states.

CHAPTER 4, “CIVIL LIBERTIES”

• NEW opening vignette launches the chapter by looking at two 2012 SCOTUS decisions dealing with GPS tracking devices and invasive strip searches.
• Updates on 2011 and 2012 Supreme Court decisions related to free speech, religious freedom, and criminal procedure.
• NEW Explore Your World feature looks at government propaganda in Russia and North Korea.
• NEW Take a Closer Look feature examines the place of the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Fifth Amendments in the American Courtroom.
• NEW Simulation: You Are A Police Officer
• NEW Explorer Infographic and MyPoliSciLab Exercise: Should the Government Apply the Death Penalty?
• NEW Infographic: How Do States Restrict the Right to Bear Arms?
• NEW Core Concept Videos available on MyPoliSciLab:
  • The Big Picture Find out how the events of September 11, 2001 transformed civil liberties in the United States. Author Alixandra B. Yanus reviews the acts that were passed by the government after that day, and demonstrates why it can be troubling to accept civil liberties for all people.
  • The Basics What are civil liberties and where do they come from? In this video, you will learn about our First Amendment guarantees and about protections the Bill of Rights provides those accused of crimes. In the process, you’ll discover how our liberties have changed over time to reflect our changing values and needs.
  • In Context Uncover the importance of civil liberties in a changing American society. University of Massachusetts at Boston political scientist Maurice T. Cunningham identifies the origins of our civil liberties and evaluates the clash between national security and civil liberties in a post 9/11 age.
  • Thinking Like A Political Scientist What are some of the challenges facing political scientists in regards to civil liberties? In this video, University of Massachusetts at Boston political scientist Maurice T. Cunningham raises some of the thought provoking questions regarding civil liberties that have arisen during the last decade.
  • In the Real World The American legal system and the American people have both struggled over whether the death penalty should be imposed in this country. In this segment, we’ll hear what citizens have to say about the death penalty.
  • So What? Like having the freedom to read whatever book or magazine you want without censorship? In this video, author Alixandra B. Yanus lays out the civil liberties Americans enjoy (and take for granted) and explains how these liberties can sometimes run into conflict with each other.

 CHAPTER 5, “CIVIL RIGHTS”

• NEW opening vignette revisits the issue of equal pay with the 2011 Supreme Court’s decision in Walmart v. Dukes.
• Coverage of Hispanic rights groups updated in the “Other Groups Mobilize for Rights” section with recent court decisions over redistricting.
• Coverage of Gays and Lesbians rights updated in “Other Groups Mobilize for Rights” section with regard to recent developments, such as Obama’s repeal of DADT legislation and ongoing litigation dealing with the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA).
• NEW Explore Your World looks at the border fortifications between the U.S. and Mexico, the Great Wall of China, and the Berlin Wall.
• NEW Take a Closer Look feature examines the role of literature in civil rights movements.
• NEW Simulation: You Are A Mayor
• NEW Explorer Infographic and MyPoliSciLab Exercise: Are All Forms of Discrimination the Same?
• NEW Infographic: How Does Government Regulate Gay Marriage?
• NEW Core Concept Videos available on MyPoliSciLab:
  • The Big Picture How did groups in America realize that they were being discriminated against? And what have they chosen to do about it? Author Karen O’Connor explains why the ongoing struggle for civil rights continues to be a major topic of discussion in American politics.
  • The Basics Discover whether we have always had civil rights and whether all American citizens have them. Watch as ordinary people answer questions about where our civil rights come from and how we won them. Consider what equal treatment and protection under the law means today.
  • In Context Discover how civil rights issues have permeated our society since the United States was founded. In the video, University of Oklahoma political scientist Alisa H. Fryar talks about how civil rights has expanded in scope since the Civil Rights Movement of the twentieth century.
  • Thinking Like A Political Scientist Where are we headed in terms of civil rights research in the United States? University of Oklahoma political scientist Alisa H. Fryar discusses how current research on voting rights, municipal election methods, and education address civil rights issues.
  • In the Real World The Defense of Marriage Act declares that the federal government does not recognize same-sex marriage. Is that constitutional? Hear real people argue both sides as they discuss their beliefs about same-sex marriage, and find out how public opinion has changed dramatically over the years.
  • So What? Why do women pay more for dry-cleaning than men?  Author Karen O’Connor dispels the myth that discrimination no longer exists in the United States by looking at the ways men and women are treated, and argues that there is still more to be done to reach equality.

 CHAPTER 6, “CONGRESS”

• NEW opening vignette confronts the record-low approval rating of the 112 ^th Congress, and examines the budget controversies in recent years.
• “Roots of the Legislative Branch of Government” includes 2012 update for the average number of people in a district.
• “Congressional Demographics” section updated with 2011 numbers.
•  “Running for and Staying in Office” section updated with 2012 Election results.
•  “Leadership in the House of Representatives” section updated with 2012 Election results.
•  Figure 6.1 “What is Gerrymandering?” updated with new example of Texas 35 ^th district.
• Figure 6.5 “What Do Americans Think about Congress?” updated with 2010-2012 data.
•  NEW Explore Your World looks at parliament buildings in the U.S., Myanmar, and Greece. 
• NEW Take a Closer Look examines the floor proceedings of the U.S. Congress.
• NEW Simulation: You Are A Consumer Advocate
• NEW Explorer Infographic and MyPoliSciLab Exercise: Can Congress Get Anything Done?
• NEW Infographic: The House of Representatives?
• NEW Core Concept Videos available on MyPoliSciLab:
  • The Big Picture Is Congress actually representative of the American people? Author Alixandra B. Yanus compares what Congress is supposed to do with what it actually does, and offers some suggestions as to why Americans have become increasingly disillusioned with their representatives.
  • The Basics Why do we have two houses of Congress? This video reveals the answer this question and explores the differences are between the two houses in their organization and procedures. You will also learn how a bill becomes a law, how Congress is organized, and how members of Congress represent you.
  • In Context Discover the role that the framers expected Congress to serve in the U.S. government. Columbia University political scientist Greg Wawro discusses how Congress has become more expansive in its powers. Listen as Greg Wawro also delves into the process of creating coalitions in Congress to achieve policy results.
  • Thinking Like A Political Scientist Why has the United States become more polarized in the last decade? Columbia University political scientist Greg Wawro examines this central question and explains why polarization may be correlated to the income gap between the wealthy and the poor. He also explores recent research on the Senate as a super-majoritarian institution.
  • In the Real World Congress today is the most divided it has been since the end of WWII. It is also the least effective. Is compromise the answer? Real people consider the benefits and the dangers of compromise, and they discuss issues–like abortion–where compromise seems impossible.
  •   So What? Want to change the way your government operates? In this video, author Alixandra B. Yanus reveals why Congress may actually listen to what you have to say. Find out how you can get involved in your state government and how Congress can help you accomplish your goals.

CHAPTER 7, “THE PRESIDENCY”

• “Presidential Leadership and the Importance of Public Opinion” section updated with examples from the Obama administration between 2009 and 2012.
• “The President’s Role in Proposing and Facilitating Legislation” section updated with health care legislation.
•  Table 7.3 “How Many Presidential Vetoes Have There Been?” updated with Obama’s vetoes.
• Figure 7.1 “How Do Presidential Approval Ratings Vary Over Time?” updated with Obama’s ratings. 
• NEW Explore Your World looks at presidential residences in the U.S., Japan, and Denmark.
• NEW Take a Closer Look feature examines the various roles of the presidency.
• NEW Simulation: You Are A First-Term President
• NEW Explorer Infographic and MyPoliSciLab Exercise: What Influences the President’s Public Approval?
• NEW Infographic: What Does the West Wing Say About the Presidency?
• NEW Core Concept Videos available on MyPoliSciLab:
  • The Big Picture How well do you know your president?  In this video, author Alixandra B. Yanus describes how the relationship between the American people and the president has evolved, and what implications that change has had on the kinds of candidates who run for office.
  • The Basics What do presidents do? The simple answer is “an awful lot.” In this video, you’ll hear what ordinary people think about what presidents should do. In the process, you’ll discover why there is often a gap between what we expect and what we get.
  • In Context Uncover the historical context that led the framers to fear a strong executive.  In this video University of Oklahoma political scientist Glen Krutz not only reveals the reason behind the framers’ apprehension, but also explores how this fear still restricts presidents today as they struggle to create new policies.
  • Thinking Like A Political Scientist Why do presidents try to persuade you to support their policies? In this video, University of Oklahoma political scientist Glen Krutz discloses why persuasion is vital to a president’s success and how technology has created obstacles and opportunities for presidents.
  • In the Real World Should President Obama have used an executive order to change immigration policy? The president bypassed Congress to implement his own agenda. Find out why some people believe the president abused his powers and others think he was entirely justified.
  • So What? Find out what it takes to become president of the United States. In this video, author Alixandra B. Yanus explains the future of the presidency, and considers what ethnicities and demographics we can expect to hold the office in the coming years.

 CHAPTER 8, “THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH AND THE FEDERAL BUREAUCRACY”

• NEW opening vignette about “Miss One-Hundred Percent’s” role in the Navy SEAL Team’s raid of Osama Bin Laden’s compound.
• Figure 8.1 “How Many Employees Work in the Federal Executive Branch?”
• NEW Explore Your World feature looks at U.S. embassies in France, Chile, and Iraq.
• NEW Take a Closer Look feature examines the complicated workings of the U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness.
• NEW Simulation: You Are Head Of FEMA
• NEW Explorer Infographic and MyPoliSciLab Exercise: What Puts the “Big” in “Big Government?
• NEW Infographic: What is the Composition of the Federal Workforce?
• NEW Core Concept Videos available on MyPoliSciLab:
  • The Big Picture From the IRS to the Department of Defense, bureaucracy exists to help Americans–so why does everyone hate it? Author Karen O’Connor defends public bureaucrats against the charges that they are lazy and inefficient, and provides some explanations for why they are so underappreciated.
  • The Basics What does the bureaucracy do? What is its role in our democracy? In this video, you will listen to what people think about bureaucrats and the job they do. You will also learn why the bureaucracy can have such a big impact on your life.
  • In Context Why is the bureaucracy important in the policymaking process? In this video, Texas A&M University political scientist Matthew Eshbaugh-Soha talks about not only the bureaucracy and its importance at the federal level, but also the role the federal bureaucracy plays in cooperation with state and local bureaucracies.
  • Thinking Like A Political Scientist Are bureaucracies democratic? And if so, how are they democratic? Texas A&M University political scientist Matthew Eshbaugh-Soha tackles this question and also looks at political appointments and other important research topics associated with bureaucracies.
  • In the Real World Is the federal bureaucracy too big and too powerful? Real people weigh in on this question and discuss whether they feel reducing the size of the bureaucracy is worth losing the protections that those agencies provide.
  • So What? Discover how bureaucracy affects you. Author Karen O’Connor examines a typical day in the life of a student, and highlights the ways that bureaucracy is present–from the water temperature of your shower to the brand of clothing that you wear.

CHAPTER 9, “THE JUDICIARY”

• NEW opening vignette about the Roberts’ court.
• Entire chapter updated to include coverage of the Roberts’ Court and 2011-2012 decisions.
• Figure 9.2 “How Many Cases Does the Supreme Court Handle?” updated to include 2011-12.
• Figure 9.3 “How Does a Case Get to the Supreme Court?” updated to include the number for 2011- 12.
• NEW Explore Your World feature looks at judicial dress in the U.S., Pakistan, and Germany.
• NEW Take a Closer Look feature examines the proceedings inside the Supreme Court during the healthcare reform case.
• NEW Simulation: You Are A Supreme Court Clerk
• NEW Explorer Infographic and MyPoliSciLab Exercise: Who Are The Activist Judges?
• NEW Infographic: Who Are The Federal Judges?
• NEW Core Concept Videos available on MyPoliSciLab:
  • The Big Picture What kinds of cases make it to the Supreme Court? Author Karen O’Connor explains why the court rarely makes decisions on cases that affect only the parties involved, and discusses why so much attention is paid to the cases that the Supreme Court chooses to rule on.
  • The Basics Do you have confidence in the U.S. court system? Watch this video to discover what the founders did to make sure the federal judiciary would be independent of political influence. You’ll also learn about an important check the Supreme Court has on the other two branches of U.S. government.
  • In Context Discover how the Supreme Court gained a check on the other two branches after the U.S. Constitution was written. East Central University political scientist Christine Pappas discusses Marbury v. Madison and analyzes how the power of judicial review has impacted campaign finance law.
  • Thinking Like A Political Scientist Why do legal scholars and political scientists disagree over how judges make decisions? East Central University political scientist Christine Pappas analyzes this and other questions scholars study. She explains how the other branches of government limit the role of the judiciary in public policy-making, and discusses research on how public opinion influences the courts.
  • In the Real World Should the Supreme Court have the power to knock down popular laws? This segment uses the Supreme Court’s decision in U.S. v. Arizona (2012) to illustrate the tension between protecting the law and having a government that’s run by the people.
  • So What? What is the Supreme Court doing for you? Author Karen O’Connor demonstrates how the Supreme Court’s decisions have affected everything from your student newspaper to your birth control, which is why it is important to be engaged and informed about the decisions the courts are making.

CHAPTER 10, “PUBLIC OPINION AND THE NEWS MEDIA”

• NEW opening vignette about public opinion polling.
• Revised section “Conducting and Analyzing Public Opinion Polls” helps students better analyze demographic gaps in public opinion.
• Updated section “Forming Political Opinions” includes new race and ethnicity data.
• Updated section “Political Knowledge” updated with new Annenberg data about what young Americans know.
• Updates on the changing media environment in the United States.
• Coverage of the growing use of social media sites and smartphones.
•  Addresses other trends in media such as corporate ownership and infotainment.
• “Toward Reform: News Media Influence, News Media Bias, and Public Confidence” section updated to include 2012 election updates.
• Figure 10.1 with election updates “How Successful Has the Gallup Poll Been?” on demographics and analyzing polls.
• Figure 10.2 with election updates “What Does a Daily Tracking Poll Look Like?”
• NEW Explore Your World feature examines the 2012 Pew Global Attitudes Survey about the U.S., China, Russia, and the EU.
• NEW Take a Closer Look feature examines the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room.
• NEW Simulation: You Are A Polling Consultant
• NEW Explorer Infographic and MyPoliSciLab Exercise: What Do Young People Think About Politics Today?
• NEW Infographic: How Do Demographics Influence a Person’s Political Opinion?
• New Core Concept Videos available on MyPoliSciLab:
  • The Big Picture Are you the next Walter Kronkite? Author Alixandra B. Yanus discusses the major trends in the media today, such as the rise of citizen journalists who are armed with nothing more than a cell phone, internet connection, and fondness for infotainment shows like The Colbert Report.
  • The Basics How do people form opinions? In this video, we examine how we know what opinions the public holds, and how they come by those opinions. As we go along, you’ll discover that Americans aren’t always well-informed about government and policies, but that they share core values.
  • In Context How did the emergence of scientific polling in the twentieth century change our democracy? In this video, Columbia University political scientist Robert Y. Shapiro outlines the history of polling and the emergence of public opinion as a major factor in American politics.
  • Thinking Like A Political Scientist How does the media shape public opinion? In this video, Texas A&M University political scientist Tyler Johnson discusses how media framing works and what market factors are influencing this process.
  • In the Real World What is the ideal relationship between the government and the media? Real people consider whether leaks of confidential government information to the press is good for democracy or whether leaks give the government too much control over the stories being told in the newspapers.
  • So What? Find out what the government is doing behind closed doors. Author Alixandra B. Yanus explains what the role of the media in American politics has been, and considers why it is easier than ever before to be informed about and engaged in the news.

 CHAPTER 11, “POLITICAL PARTIES AND INTEREST GROUPS”

• NEW opening vignette about the Republican National Convention.
• Revised “Activities of American Political Parties” section includes election updates on campaign spending.
• Revised “Party Identification” section includes 2012 exit poll updates.
• NEW section on “Regulating Judicial Branch Lobbyists”
• Updated Figure 11.3: How Much Money Do Parties Raise?
• Table 11.2 “Who Identifies as a Democrat? A Republican?” updated with 2012 data from the Pew Research Center.
•  NEW Figure 11.5 on campaign spending by sector and parties.
• NEW Take a Closer Look feature examines interest groups by region in the United States.
• NEW Explore Your World feature looks NGOs such as OXFAM in Great Britain and BRAC in Bangladesh.
• NEW Simulation: You Are A Lobbyist
• NEW Explorer Infographic and MyPoliSciLab Exercise: Which Party Governs Better?
• NEW Infographic: Are American Political Parties Polarized?
• NEW Infographic: Can Interest Groups Buy Public Policy?
• NEW Core Concept Videos available on MyPoliSciLab:
  • The Big Picture Learn how interest groups influence politicians (and public policy). Author Alixandra B. Yanus discusses the explosive rise of the number of interest groups over the past 40 years, and she weighs in on whether these groups are a positive or negative force.
  • The Basics Why do we have political parties in America? In this video, you will learn about the rise of political parties in the United States, the reasons why the two-party system continues to dominate American politics, and how the major parties differ from one another.
  • In Context Examine the emergence of interest groups in American politics. In this video, Boston College political scientist Kay Scholzman traces the roots of interest group involvement in American politics and why they are an important part of the political process today.
  • Thinking Like A Political Scientist How can we tell that Americans are increasingly polarized and what are the implications of this trend? In this video, Oklahoma State University political scientist Jeanette M. Mendez reveals how scholars measure party polarization at the elite and mass level and who is behind this phenomenon.
  • In the Real World Is pizza a vegetable? This video illustrates the difference between elitist and populist theories of interest groups by examining real people’s reactions to the recent debate over whether school cafeterias should count pizza sauce as a full serving of vegetables.
  • So What? What does your Greek organization, your church, and your community service group all have in common? They are all interest groups. In this video, author Alixandra B. Yanus explains how interest groups operate, how they influence policy changes, and how they can become dangerous when given too much power.

CHAPTER 12, “CAMPAIGNS, ELECTIONS, AND VOTING”

• NEW opening vignette about the 2012 Election Campaigns.
• Updated “Raising Money” section completely updated with 2012 election information including SuperPACs and candidates’ personal finances.
• Updated “Reaching Voters” section on new media updated with 2012 election information.
• Updated “Congressional Elections” section includes new 2012 data.
• Updated “Patterns in Vote Choice” section completely revised with new 2012 data.
• Updated “Voter Turnout” section completely revised with new 2012 data.
• Updated “Toward Reform: Problems With Voter Turnout” updated with 2012 election information.
• Updated Figure 12.1 “How Do PACs Allocate their Campaign Contributions?”
• Figure 12. 2 updated “How Is Voting Power Apportioned in the Electoral College?”
• Figure 12.3 updated “How Do Demographic Characteristics Affect Citizens’ Vote Choice?”
• Figure 12.4 updated “How Has the Racial and Ethnic Composition Changed?”
• NEW Explore Your World feature looks at candidate quotas in Rwanda, Japan, and Egypt.
• NEW Explore Your World feature looks how people vote in the U.S., Afghanistan, and Switzerland.
• NEW Take a Closer Look feature examines President Lyndon B. Johnson’s famous “Peace Little Girl” ad.
• NEW Simulation: You Are A Campaign Strategist
• NEW Explorer Infographic and MyPoliSciLab Exercise: Who Votes and Who Doesn’t?
• NEW Infographic: How Has Campaign Financing Changed Over Time?
• NEW Core Concept Videos available on MyPoliSciLab:
  • The Big Picture The majority of Americans identify with a political party–even if they do not admit it. Author Larry J. Sabato pinpoints the characteristics of citizens who are more likely to vote in elections, and shows why modern campaigns are better than ever at targeting those citizens who remain undecided.
  • The Basics Do you have trouble figuring out when all the elections are and who you should vote for? If you do, you are not alone. This video will help you understand why the United States has so many types of elections, what purposes they serve, and whether money and campaign staff is vital to campaign victories.
  • In Context Discover why voting and elections are essential to a democracy. In this video, Fordham University political scientist Costas Panagopolos discusses why voting is important in the United States. He also explains how electoral reforms have expanded the voting population throughout the years.
  • Thinking Like A Political Scientist Why has the United States experienced a surge in voter turnout? Columbia University political scientist Donald P. Green analyzes voter turnout trends, and takes a look at how research conducted by political scientists on this subject has contributed to increased voter turnout.
  • In the Real World In its controversial Citizen’s United decision, the Supreme Court ruled that money is speech and thus the courts cannot put a limit on the amount of money an individual–or a corporation–spends on an election. Real people decide whether or not they agree with that decision, and they consider some of its long-term implications.
  • So What? Make your vote count. Larry J. Sabato shares his reasons why students and young adults should care more about politics than any other age group, and he explains why politicians rarely cater to younger voters.

CHAPTER 13, “SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC POLICY”

• NEW opening vignette on the 2012 fiscal cliff and the ramifications of the debt ceiling debate.
• NEW “Health Policy Today” section includes the latest developments for Medicare, Medicaid, the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, including health insurance and public health changes scheduled through 2014 and 2020. 
• Revised “Monetary Policy” section includes new coverage of the dual mandate of the Fed, its tools, and the bank bailouts. 
• NEW subsection entitled “Responding to Recession” chronicles the events leading up to and following the 2008 real estate collapse and explains the responses of the Bush and Obama administrations.
• NEW subsection entitled “The Debt Ceiling” crises of 2011 and 2012.
• Revised “Toward Reform” section focuses on the 2008 recession and economic recovery through 2012.
• Updated Figure 13.2 “How Do State Unemployment Rates Vary?” includes 2012 numbers.
• Updated Figure 13.3 “How Does the Federal Government Raise and Spend Money” includes 2012 numbers.
• NEW Explore Your World feature look at the Federal Reserve and National Banks in the U.S., Japan, and the EU.
• NEW Take a Closer Look feature examines the G8 leaders and their stances.
• NEW Simulation: You Are A Federal Reserve Chair
• NEW Explorer Infographic and MyPoliSciLab Exercise: Is Health Care a Public Good?
• NEW Infographic: How Much Government Debt Is Too Much?
• NEW Core Concept Videos available on MyPoliSciLab:
  • The Big Picture What policies would you implement to improve the government? Author Alixandra B. Yanus traces the public policy process in America and demonstrates how a policy evolves from just an idea or suggestion into a full-fledged law.
  • The Basics Find out what public policy is, who makes public policy, and how they make it. In this video, you will also explore the major social policy issues we face and consider the role of the federal and state governments in specific areas such as education.
  • In Context Is your personal budget like the federal budget? If not, how is it different? University of Oklahoma political scientist Alisa H. Fryar breaks down the complexities of the federal budget and explains how the study of economic policy is changing in a more globalized society.
  • Thinking Like A Political Scientist What role do political scientists play in policy-making? Columbia University political scientist Ester Fuchs examines not only the research of political scientist on public policy, but the impact of this research on the policy-making process.
  • In the Real World Should the wealthy pay a larger percentage of their income in taxes than people with lower incomes? Real people tackle this central question, and they weigh in on what they believe is the fairest system of taxation and what tax reforms need to be made in the United States.
  • So What? How well is the government working? Author Alixandra B. Yanus demonstrates how public policy affects almost every aspect of your daily life–whether you are aware of it or not–and she explains why the strength of public policies is the best way to measure of the strength of political institutions.

 CHAPTER 14, “FOREIGN AND DEFENSE POLICY”

• NEW opening vignette on Obama’s foreign policy engagement.
• Revised discussion of the era of détente is folded into the Cold War coverage in the Roots section.
• Updated coverage t

Understand American politics from past to present

Essentials of American Government: Roots and Reform, 2012 Election Edition explores how the origins of American government affect the issues facing the United States today. This streamlined and flexible text offers the strongest coverage of history and current events. This approach encourages students to study present political structures and behaviors in full constitutional and historical context. The text helps students learn how our government evolved and how they can become more informed citizens. Most importantly, it encourages them to discover that politics can be–and most often is–a good thing. This text features full integration with the New MyPoliSciLab. MyPoliSciLab includes a wide array of resources to encourage students to look at American politics like a political scientist and analyze current political issues. Political Explorer lets students play the role of a political scientist by investigating issues through interactive data. Core Concept videos discuss the big ideas in each chapter and apply them to key political issues. Simulations allow students to experience how political leaders make decisions. A better teaching and learning experience This program provides a better teaching and learning experience–for you and your students. Here’s how:

• Personalize Learning–The New MyPoliSciLab delivers proven results in helping students succeed, provides engaging experiences that personalize learning, and comes from a trusted partner with educational expertise and a deep commitment to helping students and instructors achieve their goals. MyPoliSciLab is now compatible with BlackBoard!
• Engage Students–The stunning visual design engages students in the text.
• Improve Critical Thinking– Learning objectives in every chapter help students focus on important topics.
• Analyze Current Events–Coverage of the 2012 elections keeps the study of politics relevant and shows how political scientists look at the development of the American political system.
• Support Instructors– A full supplements package including the Class Preparation Tool in the New MyPoliSciLab is available.

Note: This is a standalone book if you want the book/access card order the ISBN below:

0205950019 / 9780205950010 Essentials of American Government: Roots and Reform Plus MyPolisciLab with Pearson eText, 2012 Election Edition Package consists of: 0205883990 / 9780205883998 Essentials of American Government: Roots and Reform, 2012 Election Edition 0205949975 / 9780205949977 NEW MyPoliSciLab with Pearson eText — Valuepack Access Card

“This is the standard which I judge other texts against. O’Connor still is the text to beat.”—Richard Johnson, Oklahoma City University

“By relying on multiple and complementary pedagogical approaches, American Government fosters student interest in this complex subject matter, strengthens critical thinking, and contributes to a sense of civic engagement.”—Tony Wohlers, Cameron University

“O’Connor is well-written and thoroughly updated. It is comprehensive and emphasizes the development of American government and politics. The text itself is assiduously unbiased and fair. Although it points out shortcomings in our political system, it does so in a context depicting American government and politics in a positive light.” — Richard Himelfarb, Hofstra University

1. Brief Table of Contents

2. Full Table of Contents

1. Brief Table of Contents

PART I: FOUNDATIONS OF GOVERNMENT

Chapter 1: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture

Chapter 2: The Constitution

Chapter 3: Federalism

Chapter 4: Civil Liberties

Chapter 5: Civil Rights

PART II: INSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNMENT

Chapter 6: Congress

Chapter 7: The Presidency

Chapter 8: The Executive Branch and the Federal Bureaucracy

Chapter 9: The Judiciary

PART III: POLITICAL BEHAVIOR

Chapter 10: Public Opinion and the News Media

Chapter 11: Political Parties and Interest Groups

Chapter 12: Elections, Campaigns, and Voting

PART IV: PUBLIC POLICY

Chapter 13: Social and Economic Policy

Chapter 14: Foreign and Defense Policy

2. Full Table of Contents

PART I: FOUNDATIONS OF GOVERNMENT

1. American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture

Roots of American Government: We the People

| The Living Constitution

Types of Government

Functions of American Government

American Political Culture and the Basic Tenets of American Democracy

The Changing American Public

| Explore Your World

Political Ideology

Toward Reform: People and Politics

| Take a Closer Look

| Infographic: Is the American Dream a Reality?

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a City Council Member

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: How Do You Measure Freedom?

2. The Constitution

Roots of the New American Nation

| Take a Closer Look

The First Attempt at Government: The Articles of Confederation

The Miracle at Philadelphia: Writing the U.S. Constitution

| Infographic: Who Were the Framers?

The U.S. Constitution

| Explore Your World

The Drive For Ratification of the U.S. Constitution

Toward Reform: Methods Of Amending The U.S. Constitution

| The Living Constitution

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are A Founder

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: How Long Did It Take To Ratify The Constitution?

3. The Federal System

Roots of the Federal System

| The Living Constitution

Federalism and the Marshall Court

| Explore Your World

Dual Federalism: States’ Rights, the Civil War, and Reconstruction

Cooperative Federalism: The Growth of National Government

| Infographic: How Has the Federal-State Relationship Evolved?

Federal Grants to State and Local Governments

| Take A Closer Look

Toward Reform: Attempts to Balance National and State Power

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a Federal Judge

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: Which States Win or Lose the Federal Aid Game?

4. Civil Liberties

Roots of Civil Liberties: The Bill of Rights

First Amendment Guarantees: Freedom of Religion

First Amendment Guarantees: Freedom of Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition

| Explore Your World

The Second Amendment: The Right to Keep and Bear Arms

| Infographic: How Do States Restrict the Right the Bear Arms?

The Rights of Criminal Defendants

| Take a Closer Look

The Right to Privacy

| The Living Constitution

Toward Reform: Civil Liberties and Combating Terrorism

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a Police Officer

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: Should the Government Apply the Death Penalty?

5. Civil Rights

Roots of Suffrage: 1800-1890

| The Living Constitution

The Push For Equality, 1890-1954

The Civil Rights Movement

| Take a Closer Look

The Women’s Rights Movement

| Explore Your World

Other Groups Mobilize for Rights

| Infographic: How Does the Government Regulate Gay Marriage?

Toward Reform: Civil Rights and Affirmative Action

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a Mayor

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: Are All Forms of Discrimination The Same?

PART II: INSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNMENT

6. Congress

Roots of the Legislative Branch of Government

| The Living Constitution

The Members of Congress

| Infographic: The House of Representatives

How Congress Is Organized

| Explore Your World

Powers of Congress

| Take A Closer Look

How Members Make Decisions

Toward Reform: Balancing Institutional Power

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are A Consumer Advocate

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: Can Congress Get Anything Done?

7. The Presidency

Roots of the Office of President of the United States

| Living Constitution

The Constitutional Powers of the President

| A Closer Look

The Development and Expansion of Presidential Power

The Presidential Establishment

| Infographic: What Does the West Wing Say about the Presidency?

Presidential Leadership and the Importance of Public Opinion

Toward Reform: The President as Policy Maker

| Explore Your World

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a First-Term President

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: What Influences a President’s Public Approval?

8. The Executive Branch and the Federal Bureaucracy

Roots of the Federal Bureaucracy

The Modern Bureaucracy

| Infographic: The Composition of the Federal Workforce

| Living Constitution

How The Bureaucracy Works

| Take a Closer Look

Toward Reform: Making Agencies Accountable

| Explore Your World

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are Head of FEMA

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: What Puts the ‘Big’ in Big Government?

9. The Judiciary

Roots of the Federal Judiciary

| The Living Constitution

The Federal Court System

| Explore Your World

How Federal Court Judges Are Selected

| Infographic: Who Are the Federal Judges?

The Supreme Court Today

| Take A Closer Look

Judicial Philosophy and Decision Making

Toward Reform: Power, Policy Making, and the Court

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a Supreme Court Clerk

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: Who Are the Activist Judges?

PART III: POLITICAL BEHAVIOR

10. Public Opinion and the News Media

Roots of Public Opinion Research

Conducting and Analyzing Public Opinion Polls

| Explore Your World

Forming Political Opinions

| Infographic: How Do Demographics Influence One’s Opinion of the Government?

Roots of the News Media in the United States

| The Living Constitution

Rules Governing the News Media

How the News Media Cover Politics

| Take a Closer Look

Toward Reform: News Media Influence, News Media Bias, and Public Confidence

Shortcomings of Polling

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a Polling Consultant

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: What Do Young People Think About Politics Today?

11. Political Parties and Interest Groups

Roots of the Two-Party System

| The Living Constitution

| Infographic: Are American Political Parties Polarized?

The Organization of American Political Parties

Activities Of American Political Parties

Party Identification

Roots of the American Interest Group System

| Take a Closer Look

What Do Interest Groups Do?

| Explore Your World

Toward Reform: Regulating Interest Groups and Lobbyists

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a Lobbyist

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: Which Party Governs Better?

12. Campaigns, Elections, and Voting

Roots of Modern Political Campaigns

Assembling a Campaign Staff

Raising Money

| Infographic: How Has Campaign Financing Changed Over Time?

Reaching Voters

| Take a Closer Look

Presidential Elections

| The Living Constitution

Congressional Elections

Toward Reform: Voter Choice and Turnout

| Explore Your World

| Take a Closer Look

| Explore Your World

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a Campaign Strategist

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: Who Votes–and Who Doesn’t?

PART IV: PUBLIC POLICY

Chapter 13: Social and Economic Policy

Roots of Public Policy: The Policy-Making Process

| The Living Constitution

Health Policy Today

Income Security Policy

Fiscal Policy

| Infographic: How Much Government Debt Is Too Much

Monetary Policy

| Explore Your World

Toward Reform: Recession and Economic Recovery

| Take a Closer Look

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a Federal Reserve Chair

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: Is Health Care a Public Good?

14: Foreign and Defense Policy

Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy

The United States as a World Power

| Explore Your World

Foreign and Defense Policy Decision Making

| The Living Constitution

Contemporary Challenges In Foreign and Defense Policy

| Infographic: How Big Is the World’s Stockpile of Nuclear Weapons?

Toward Reform: New Challenges in American Foreign Policy

| Take a Closer Look

> MyPoliSciLab Video Series

> MyPoliSciLab Simulation: You Are a President During a Foreign Policy Crisis

> MyPoliSciLab Explorer: How Much Does America Spend On Defense?

> MyPoliSciLab Document: The Declaration of Independence

> MyPoliSciLab Document: The Constitution of the United States

> MyPoliSciLab Document: Federalist No. 10

> MyPoliSciLab Document: Federalist No. 15

> MyPoliSciLab Document: Federalist No. 51

> MyPoliSciLab Document: Federalist No. 78

> MyPoliSciLab Document: Anti-Federalist No. 17

> MyPoliSciLab Document: Marbury v. Madison

> MyPoliSciLab Document: McCulloch v. Maryland

> MyPoliSciLab Document: Brown v. Board of Education

> MyPoliSciLab Document: The Gettysburg Address

> MyPoliSciLab Document: Washington’s Farewell Address

PERSONALIZE LEARNING WITH MYPOLISCILAB

• Designed as a window into a wider world for discovery, MyPoliSciLab provides unlimited opportunities for learning. MyPoliSciLab supports an active learning cycle — engage, assess, advance — for each student and each topic throughout the course.
• A personalized study plan for each student, based on Bloom’s Taxonomy, arranges content from less complex thinking–like remembering and understanding–to more complex critical thinking–like applying and analyzing. This layered approach promotes better critical thinking skills, and helps students succeed in the course and beyond.

ENGAGE STUDENTS

•  Superior coverage of the diverse groups comprising the American electorate remains a hallmark of the text.
• Pedagogically-driven design highlights a clear learning path through the material, and offers a visually stunning learning experience in print or on screen. 
• Immersive simulations in MyPoliSciLab let students experience first-hand how political leaders make decisions.
• Core Concept Videos enhance the narrative in the book and help students grasp the main ideas and make links between them. These videos are available in the eText and MyPoliSciLab. Each chapter has a Core Concept Video. The six segments are:
  • The Big Picture: Preview of how the chapter fits into the study of the American political system.
  • The Basics: A review of key learning objectives that will be covered in the chapter.
  • In Context: A look at the chapter in historical, economic, or social context.
  • Think Like a Political Scientist: A political puzzle related to the chapter.
  • In the Real World: A look at different people–politicians, activists, etc.–in American politics.
  • So What?: Wrap-up of how the chapter matters to a student’s understanding of their democracy.

IMPROVE CRITICAL THINKING

• Offers the strongest coverage of history and current events to study present political structures and behaviors in full constitutional and historical context.
• Political Explorer activities are connected to the in-text infographics, encouraging students to dig deeper into the data and to see how it connects with the political landscape of their own communities.
• Learning objectives embedded in every chapter help students stay focused on what they need to learn.
• An infographic is embedded in every chapter.
• Assessment is included for every exercise.
• Each chapter concludes with a visual summary. Here, students can see the Learning Objectives along with short summaries of the main points and a learning pathway through the accompanying MyPoliSciLab activities.  

• Coverage of the 2012 Elections keeps the study of politics relevant to today’s students.
• Numerous updates to theory, judicial rulings, election outcomes, and policy.
• The PoliSci News Review blog on MyPoliSciLab brings analysis of current events as they unfold on a weekly basis.  

SUPPORT INSTRUCTORS

• The Test Item File features a variety of questions, including multiple choice, short answer, and essay. The Test Bank is available in a variety of Learning Management Systems including Blackboard and WebCT.
• The Instructor’s Manual offers instructors practical advice on teaching and creating effective lectures.
• Class Preparation Tool collects the very best class presentation resources in one convenient online destination, so instructors can keep students engaged throughout every class.
• Create a Custom Text: For enrollments of at least 25, create your own textbook by combining chapters from best-selling Pearson textbooks and/or reading selections in the sequence you want.   To begin building your custom text, visit www.pearsoncustomlibrary.com. You may also work with a dedicated Pearson Custom editor to create your ideal text–publishing your own original content or mixing and matching Pearson content.  Contact your Pearson Publisher’s Representative to get started.