Creative Impulse

Description

The Creative Impulse introduces the arts of the Western tradition with a chronological organization. It covers a wide variety of subjects including painting, sculpture, architecture, theatre, music, dance, literature, and film, all in their historical context. Up-to-date material on modern artistic movements and achievements broadens the scope of the coverage. With an emphasis on formal analysis, The Creative Impulse helps students develop the skills and confidence they will need to respond to works of art throughout their lifetimes.

 

40 new illustrations and 25 new color maps enhance the visual appeal and strengthen the content of the text.

New sections on photography, jazz, and digital media provide additional coverage of modern forms of artistic expression.

The Music for the Humanities CD is included with each book, and all 25 selections are now discussed in the text.

Topics in the “Masterwork” feature boxes are linked thematically to show connections across time periods.

 

 

 

 

 

---

The Creative Impulse

8^th edition

Dennis J. Sporre

Changes for the New Edition

 

 

	Page	Topic	Change
	13 15 22 28	Opening Color Cinema Approaches to Criticism	New View and Key Terms Emended text and color wheel caption New text–the director   New text (Deleted text: Structuralism and Deconstruction)
	33 34 35 38 40 46	Contexts   Civilization Painting Masterwork Architecture	Redesigned map 1.1 New map 1.2 New text New Illus. Lascaux Caves plan New text and linkage to Chs.3 and 10 New Illus. Model of the Great Pyramids of Giza New Illus. North-South section Pyramid of Khufu (Deleted illus. Plan of Great Pyramid complex) (Deleted illus. Longitudinal section of Great Pyramid)
	52   55 56   58     66   69 71 72	Contexts Minoa   Technology feature Sculpture Architecture   Masterwork Literature	New illus. Detail of Achilles (Deleted illus. Geometric Amphora) New map 2.1 New illus. Reconstruction of the Palace of Knosos (Deleted illus. Queen’s chamber–Knossos)   New text (Deleted illus. Kore in Dorian Peplos) (Deleted illus. Corner of Temple at Paestum) New illus. Temple of Hera “Basilica” and Temple of Hera II at Paestum Masterwork linked to Chs. 3 and 11 New extract, Hesiod, Theogony New extract, Aesop, The Hawk and the Nightengale
	76   98 101 102	Architecture Theatre Masterwork	Redesigned map 3.1 Masterwork: The Parthenon.  Feature deleted; text and illus. incorporated in running text New text–rustic Dionysia Masterwork linked to Chs. 2 and 11 Additional text–Hecuba
	114-16 124   125 126 128 130-31 137	Contexts Sculpture       Architecture Masterwork Literature	New  maps 4.1-3 New illus. and text–“Brutus” (Deleted illus. Portrait of an unknown Roman) New Illus. Column of Trajan New Illus. Lower portion of the Column of Trajan New illustrations of Colosseum Masterwork linked to Chs. 6, 9, and 12 New text–Ovid
	143 146   148 150 152   153   160	Contexts The Late Roman Empire     The Apostolic Mission Early Christian Thought Masterwork	Redesigned map 5.1   New transition to the topic New map 5.2 New map 5.3   Emended text   Emended text Masterwork linked to Chs. 8 and 16
	177-78 181 183   186   191       194   198 200	Contexts   Islam   Byzantine art   Sculpture Architecture     Masterwork Islamic art   Dynamic World	New  maps 6.1-2 New map 6.3 Emended text–call to prayer(Music CD) Emended text–Shiites vs. Sunnis Emended text–hieratic style (Deleted illus. Base of the Theodosian obelisk) New illus. and text–Christ Crowning Romanos and Eudocia New illus. Interior–Hagia Sophia (Deleted illus. St. Sophia) (Deleted illus. Capitals of St. Sophia) Masterwork linked to chs. 4, 9, and 12 (Deleted illus. Detail of mosaic decoration) New illus. Interior–Dome of the Rock (Deleted illus. Chinese Theatre) New illus. Actors onstage/Sichuan Opera
	212 220   222   227   228   230   233	Contexts Celtic art   Masterwork   Architecture       Music   Literature	New map 7.1 New illus. Purse cover from Sutton Hoo Burial (Deleted illus. Hinged should clasp) Masterwork linked to chs.13, 14, 15, and 17 New illus. Diagram of the scenes on the doors of St Michael, Hildesheim New illus. Interior–Palatine chapel (Deleted illus. Palatine Chapel) New Illus. St Sernin aerial view (Deleted illus. Cluny) New text and CD reference: Bernart de Ventadorn New text, Hildegard (Music CD) New extract: Marie de France–The Lay of the Honeysuckle
	244 248 251 258 260	Contexts Painting   Masterwork Architecture	New map 8.1 New text–Gothic defined Masterwork deleted; Giotto’s Lamentation inserted in regular text New Masterwork–Chartres, linked to chs. 5 and 16 New Illus. Chartres west façade (Deleted illus. Interior, St. Denis)
	281 285 286 291   296 302	Contexts   Painting A Dynamic World Masterwork Literature	New map 9.1 New map 9.2 Masterwork feature deleted; Masaccio’s Tribute Money integrated into regular text   New text and reference to music CD New Masterwork–Florence Cathedral; new illus. and linkage to Chs. 4,6, 12 Expanded extract; Oration on the Dignity of Man
	305 307 314 318 325	Key Terms Concepts Painting   Masterwork	Refined definition of sfumato New map 10.1 New illustration, The Last Supper New illustration, Sistine Chapel Masterwork linked to chs. 1 and 3
	343   360 365 366 367 368	Concepts Painting Masterwork Music Literature	New map 11.1 Deleted illus. and text, Holbein, Jane Seymour Masterwork linked to chs 1 and 3 New text and CD reference, Thomas Morley New extract, Erasmus, The Praise of Folly New Extract, More, Utopia New extract, Sidney, Astrophel and Stella, Sonnet 31
	374   376 381 382 385           394 396 399 405 406	The Wars of Religion Descartes Spain Flanders The Netherlands Architecture     Masterwork Architecture Music   Literature	Emended text   Emended text New illus. and text, Velazquez, The Maids of Honor Emended text–Rubens New illus. and text, Rembrandt, Self-portrait (Deleted illus. School of Rembrandt, Descent from the Cross) (Deleted illus. Plans of Versailles) (Deleted illus. Fountain of Apollo) (Deleted illus. Hampton Court) Masterwork linked to Chs. 4, 6, and 9 New illus. and text, Blenheim Palace New illus. Portrait of J. S. Bach (Deletion of Masterwork feature. Ein’ feste Burg incorporated into running text) New extract and text, Milton, Paradise Lost New text, Robinson Crusoe
	416 419 424 427       435   436	Concepts Rococo Style Masterwork Sculpture Architecture     Music	New map 13.1 Emended text Masterwork linked to chs. 7, 14, 15, and 17 New Illus. and text, Houdon, George Washington (Deleted illus. Pagodenburg) (Deleted illus. Entrance Hall) (Deleted illus. and text, Brewton House) New illus. Portrait of Mozart (Deleted text and illus., Turkish Rondo) New text and music CD reference, The Marriage of Figaro New illus., Portrait of Beethoven
	450 455 464   468     475 478	Contexts Masterwork Piano Works   Opera   Literature	Revised map Masterwork with emended text and linkage to chs. 7, 13, 15, and 17 New text and CD reference, Chopin’s Revolutionary Etude (Deleted text and score, Chopin, Nocturne) New text and CD reference, Bridal Chorus, Lohengrin (Deleted text and score, Verdi, La Donna e Mobile) (Deletion of Masterwork feature, Austen–Pride and Prejudice. Text incorporated into running text.) New illus. Portrait of Emily Bronte New extract, Whitman, Song of Myself
	483 490   495R 498R 508 510     512 516	Contexts Masterwork   Impressionism Cezanne Aestheticism Music       Literature	New map 15.1 New Masterwork–Manet, Dejeuner sur l’herbe–linked to chs. 7, 13, 15, and 17 (Deleted Masterwork–Renoir, Le Moulin de la Galette–material incorporated into running text) Emended text (Rodin). New text and illus. (Camera obscura) on photography Emended text New text New illus.–Carmen (Deleted illus.–Carmen) (Deleted illus. Manon Lescot) New text–Schoenberg New text–Elizabeth Wharton
	526 530 531 533R   544 545 546   549R 552R	Contexts     Camus Painting Masterwork Architecture     Music Literature   Picture Essay between Chs. 16 & 17	New map 16.1 New map 16.2 Revised map 16.3 Emended text (Deleted illus. and text–Mondrian ) Masterwork linked to chs. 5 and 8 Revised illus. 16.23 and 16.24 New illus. Gropius and Meyer, Fagus Shoe Factory (Deleted illus. Walter Gropius’ House) New text: Gershwin, Bernstein, Jazz, with music CD references New text, Flannery O’Connor     (Deletion of Essay and illus.)
	561 566 571     573 575-76   579-80 580-81 580-81   582 588   591   600 603 603 606   608     611-12	Contexts Masterwork Abstraction     Minimalism Ephemeral Art   Media Art Photography “New” Realism   Feminism Architecture       Minimalism Pluralism   Pluralism   African-Americans   Cinema	New map 17.1 Masterwork linked to chs. 7, 13, 14, and 15 New illus., Calder, Eleven Polychrome (Deleted illus. Hepworth, Sphere) (Deleted illus., Calder, Spring Blossoms) New text and illus., Donald Judd New text and illus., Christo, The Gates (Deleted illus. Christo, Umbrellas) New text and illus. New text and illus. New text and illus., Roberts Girls Painting (Deleted illus. Roberts, Sherlock Holmes) New illus., Judy Chicago, The Dinner Party New text and illus. Saarinen, TWA Terminal (Deleted text and illus. Wright, Guggenheim) New text and illus. Burj Dubai (Deleted text and illus. Petronas Towers) New Text, illus, and music CD reference, Philip Glass, Akhnaten New text and illus., Olly Wilson New text, Jazz New illus. Jazz Exchange (Deleted illus. Nameless Hour) New text and illus., Toni Morrison, Beloved (Deleted illus. Alice Walker) (Deleted extract, Walker, Roselilly) New text and illus., Shrek 2,  Ocean’s Twelve

SPORRE, CREATIVE IMPULSE 8

Contents

Preface 11

Introduction

Understanding the Arts 13

GETTING STARTED 14

Two-Dimensional Art 14

Media 14 Composition 15

Techniques: Linear Perspective 16

Sculpture 17

Dimensionality 17 Texture 17

Techniques: Lost-Wax Casting 17

Architecture 18

Music 19

Genres 19 Melody and Form 19

Techniques: Musical Notation 19

Theatre 20

Genres 20 Plot, Character, and Visual Elements 20

Literature 20

Genres 20 Point of View, Character, and Plot 21 Theme and Language 21

Cinema 21

Dance 22

Genres 22 Line, Form, and Repetition 22

Features 22

Glossary and Dating 22 Pronunciation 23 Profiles 23 Technology 23 Masterwork 23 A Dynamic World 23 Maps and Timelines 24 Chapter Opener 24 Chapter Review 24 Cybersources and Examples 24

PUTTING THE ARTS IN CONTEXT 24

The Arts and Ways of Knowing 24

What Concerns Art? 25

Creativity 25 Aesthetic Communication 25 Symbols 26 Fine and Applied Art 26

The Functions of Art 26

Entertainment 26 Political and Social Commentary 26 Therapy 27 Artifact 27

Evaluating Works of Art 27

Approaches to Criticism 28 Making Judgments 29

1 The Ancient World 31

CONTEXTS AND CONCEPTS 32

Contexts 32

The Stone Age 32 Mesopotamia 33 Ancient Egypt 34

Concepts 34

Individuality and Symbols 34 Civilization 35 Religion 35

Technology: The Invention of the Wheel 35

Literacy 36 Law 37

THE ARTS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD 38

Painting 38

Sculpture 39

Masterwork: The Human Form 1: The Tell Asmar Statues 40

A Dynamic World: Ancient China 41

Profile: Akhenaton and Nefertiti 45

Architecture 46

Music 47

Dance 48

Literature 48

2 The Aegean and Archaic Greece 53

CONTEXTS AND CONCEPTS 54

Contexts 54

Minoans 54 Mycenaeans 56

Technology: The Olive Press 58

The Dark Centuries 58 The Hellenes 58

Concepts 59

The Polis 59 The Olympian Gods 60 “Love of Wisdom” 61

THE ARTS OF THE AEGEAN AND ARCHAIC GREECE 61

Painting 61

Geometric Style 61 Archaic Style 62 Red- and Black-Figure Pottery 62

Sculpture 63

A Dynamic World: Native America 63

Architecture 66

Music 67

Dance 68

Literature 68

Masterwork: Heroes 1: Homer, The Iliad 69

Profile: Sappho 70

3 Greek Classicism and Hellenism 75

CONTEXTS AND CONCEPTS 76

Contexts 76

The Persian War 76 The “Golden Age” of Pericles 77 The Peloponnesian Wars 78 The Hellenistic Age 79

Technology: Hero’s Steam Turbine 80

Concepts 81

Historia 81 Sophistry 81 Stoicism and Epicureanism 82 Cynicism and Skepticism 82 Mystery Cults 82 Ethics 83 Aesthetics 83 Classicism and Hellenism 85

THE ARTS OF THE CLASSICAL AND HELLENISTIC AGES 85

Painting 85

Sculpture 86

Classical Style 86

A Dynamic World: The Nok Style of Africa 87

Masterwork: The Human Form 2: Myron, Discus Thrower 88

Late Classical Style 90 Hellenistic Style 92

Architecture 93

Theatre 98

Tragedy 98

Profile: Aeschylus 99

Masterwork: Heroes 2: Sophocles, Oedipus the King 101

Comedy 102 Theatre Layout and Form 103

Music 104

Dance 105

Literature 105

4 The Roman Period 111

CONTEXTS AND CONCEPTS 112

Contexts 112

The Etruscans 112 The Roman Republic 112 The Roman Empire 114

Concepts 117

Roman Law 117 Stoicism 117 Neo-Platonism 118 Divinities and Mystery Cults 118 Classicism 119 Utilitarianism and Pragmatism 120

THE ARTS OF THE ROMAN PERIOD 120

Painting 120

A Dynamic World: Chinese Painting 123

Sculpture 124

Architecture 126

Technology: Cement 129

Masterwork: The Dome 1: The Pantheon 130

Theatre 132

Comedy 132 Blood Sport 133

Music 133

Dance 134

Literature 134

Profile: Vergil 135

5 Judaism and Early Christianity 141

CONTEXTS AND CONCEPTS 142

Contexts 142

Hebrews, Israelites, and Jews 142

Profile: Solomon 146

The Late Roman Empire 146

Technology: Matches 147

Concepts 148

Judaism 148 Christianity 149

THE ARTS OF JUDAISM AND EARLY CHRISTIANITY 155

Painting 155

Judaism 155 Christianity 155

Sculpture 156

Late Roman 156 Early Christian 157

A Dynamic World: Shinto Sculpture in Japan 157

Architecture 159

Jerusalem 159

Masterwork: Buildings as Symbols 1: The Temple of Jerusalem 160

The Roman Empire 162

Music and Dance 165

Literature 165

The Hebrew Bible 166 Apocalyptic Literature 169 The New Testament 169

6 Byzantium and Islam 175

CONTEXTS AND CONCEPTS 176

Contexts 176

Byzantium 176 Muhammad and the Rise of Islam 179

Profile: Muhammad 180

Concepts 182

Orthodoxy 182 Islam 182 Intellectualism 183 Icons 184 Byzantine Cultural Influence 184

THE ARTS OF BYZANTIUM AND ISLAM 185

Painting, Mosaics, and Manuscript Illumination 185

Byzantium 185 Islam 188

Sculpture 189

Architecture 192

Byzantium 192

Technology: Spanning Space with Triangles and Pots 192

Masterwork: The Dome 2: Hagia Sophia 194

Profile: Anthemius of Tralles 195

Islam 197

A Dynamic World: Chinese Theatre 200

Theatre, Music, and Dance 201

Byzantium 201 Islam 201

Literature 202

Byzantium 202 Islam 203

7 The Early Middle Ages

The Monastic and Feudal Romanesque Period 209

CONTEXTS AND CONCEPTS 210

Contexts 210

The Middle Ages 210 The Medieval Church 211

Profile: Pope Gregory I, the Great 211

Charlemagne’s Empire 212

Concepts 213

Monasticism 213 Mysticism 214 Asceticism and Sufism 215 Feudalism 215

Technology: The Viking Ships 217

The Carolingian Renaissance 218

THE ARTS OF THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES 218

Painting 218

A Dynamic World: Igbo-Ukwu 220

Sculpture 221

Masterwork: Organizing the Image 1: The Bronze Doors of Hildesheim Cathedral 222

Architecture 226

Theatre 229

Music 229

Sacred Music 229 Secular Music 230

Profile: Hildegard of Bingen 230

Dance 231

Literature 231

Legends 231 Poets and Scholars 232

8 The High Middle Ages

The Gothic Age 237

CONTEXTS AND CONCEPTS 238

Contexts 238

The Social Order 238 The Hundred Years’ War 240

Technology: A Better Horse Collar 240

The Plague 241 The Great Schism 241

Profile: Joan of Arc 242

The Crusades 243

Concepts 245

Chivalry 245 Secularism 245 Aristotelianism 246 Industrialization 246

THE ARTS OF THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES 248

Painting 248

Sculpture 253

Architecture 256

Masterwork: Buildings as Symbols 2: Chartres Cathedral 258

Theatre 262

A Dynamic World: Noh Theatre of Japan 263

Music 265

Dance 266

Literature 267

Religion 267

Profile: Geoffrey Chaucer 268

Profile: St Francis of Assisi 272

Secularism 272

9 The Early Renaissance 277

CONTEXTS AND CONCEPTS 278

Contexts 278

The Renaissance 278 The World Discovered 279

Technology: Flywheels and Connecting Rods 280

The Papal States 280 Italian City-States 280 The Quattrocento in Florence 282

Concepts 283

Humanism 283 Individualism 284 Scientific Naturalism 284 Capitalism 284

THE ARTS OF THE EARLY RENAISSANCE 285

Painting 285

The Masaccian Heritage 285 Lyricism 289

A Dynamic World: Chinese Painting and Music 291

Sculpture 292

Architecture 295

Masterwork: The Dome 3: Florence Cathedral 296

Theatre 298

Music 299

Dance 299

Literature 300

Profile: Niccolò Machiavelli 301

10 The High Renaissance and Mannerism 305

CONTEXTS AND CONCEPTS 306

Contexts306

The Expanding World 306 The Papal States 307 Spain’s Golden Century 308

Technology: Leonardo: Turning the Screw 310

The Ottoman Turks 311

Concepts 311

Classicism 311 The High Renaissance 312 Mannerism 312

THE ARTS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE AND MANNERISM 313

Painting 313

The High Renaissance in Rome 313

Profile: Michelangelo 316

The High Renaissance in Venice 320 Mannerism 322

A Dynamic World: Painting in India 322

Sculpture 324

Masterwork: The Human Form 3: Michelangelo, David 325

Architecture 326

Theatre 330

Music 333

Sacred Choral Music 333 Secular Choral Music 334 Instrumental Music 335

Literature 335

11 Renaissance and Reformation in Northern Europe 341

CONTEXTS AND CONCEPTS 342

Contexts 342

The Reformation 342 Reformers 342

Profile: Martin Luther 344

Science 347

Technology: Naval Artillery 348

Concepts 348

Christian Humanism 348 Utopianism 349

THE ARTS OF THE RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION IN THE NORTH 349

Painting 349

Flanders 349 The Netherlands 351 Germany 353

A Dynamic World: Ming Dynasty Porcelain 357

France 357 England 358

Architecture 358

Theatre 358

Masterwork: Heroes 3: Shakespeare, Hamlet 360

Music 361

Flanders 361 Germany 363 France 363 England 363

Dance 365

Literature 366

12 The Baroque Age 371

CONTEXTS AND CONCEPTS 372

Contexts 372

The Catholic and Counter-Reformation 372 The Wars of Religion 374 The Scientific Revolution 374

Technology: Standardized Measurement 375

Concepts 377

Academicism 377 Scientific Rationalism 377 Social Contract 377 Absolutism 378

THE ARTS OF THE BAROQUE AGE 379

Painting 379

Italy 380 Spain 381 Flanders 382 France 383 The Netherlands (Holland) 384

Sculpture 387

Architecture 390

A Dynamic World: The Taj Mahal 390

Profile: Sir Christopher Wren 394

Masterwork: The Dome 4: St Paul’s Cathedral 394

Theatre 396

Music 398

Instrumental Music 398

Profile: Johann Sebastian Bach 399

Vocal Music 400 Opera 401

Dance 403

Literature 404

Spain 404 England 404

13 The Enlightenment 409

CONTEXTS AND CONCEPTS 410

Contexts 410

The Enlightenment 410 Technology 412

Technology: James Watt and the Steam Engine 412

Economics and Politics 413

Profile: Maria Theresa 414

Concepts 415

Rationalism 415 Aesthetics 415 Humanitarianism 415

Profile: Voltaire 417

Classicism 418 Feminism 418

THE ARTS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT 419

Painting 419

Rococo Style 419 The English School 420 Genre 423 Neoclassicism 423

Masterwork: Organizing the Image 2: David, The Oath of the Horatii 424

Sculpture 425

Architecture 427

Theatre 430

Britain 430 America 430 France 431

A Dynamic World: Japanese Kabuki Theatre 431

Music 432

Pre-Classical Style 432 Expressive Style 432 Classical Style 433

Dance 437

Literature 438

Rococo 438 Neoclassicism 441 Humanitarianism 442 Feminism 442 Genre 443 Pre-Romantic 443

14 The Romantic Age 447

CONTEXTS AND CONCEPTS 448

Contexts 448

Technology 448

Technology: Exact Tolerance 449

Social Changes 449 The Victorian Age 451

Concepts 451

Marxism 451 Evolution 451 Idealism 452 Positivism and Materialism 452 Internationalism 452 Patronage 453 Romanticism 453

THE ARTS OF THE ROMANTIC AGE 454

Painting 454

Masterwork: Organizing the Image 3: Géricault, The Raft of the “Medusa” 455

A Dynamic World: Japanese Painting 457

Profile: Rosa Bonheur 459

Architecture 460

Theatre 460

Popularism and Historicism 462 Melodrama 463

Music 463

Lieder 463 Piano Works 464 Program Music 465 Symphonies 466 Trends 466

Choral Music 466

Profile: Johannes Brahms 467

Opera 468

Dance469

Literature 471

Romanticism in Europe 471 American Renaissance 475

15 Realism, Impressionism, and Beyond 481

CONTEXTS AND CONCEPTS 482

Contexts 482

European Migration 482 Workers and Socialism 483 The German Reich 484 A Scientific Explosion 484

Technology: Coca-Cola 485

Nietzschean Philosophy 486 Freudian Psychology 487

Concepts 487

Aestheticism 487 Functionalism 488

THE ARTS: REALISM, IMPRESSIONISM, AND BEYOND 488

Painting and Sculpture 488

Realism 488

Masterwork: Organizing the Image 4: Manet, Déjeuner sur l’herbe 490

Pre-Raphaelites 491 Impressionism 492

A Dynamic World: Japanese Painting 496

Post-Impressionism 497 Cubism 500 Mechanism and Futurism 502 Expressionism 502 Fauvism 503

Architecture 504

Profile: Louis Sullivan 506

Theatre 507

Realism and Naturalism 507 Symbolism 508 Aestheticism 508 Expressionism 508

Music 509

Impressionism 509 Naturalism 509 Nontraditionalism 510

Profile: Igor Stravinsky 511

Dance 512

Ethnic Foundations 512 Ballet 512 Modern Dance 514

Literature 514

Realism 514 Pre-Raphaelites 515 Naturalism 515 Impressionism 516 Symbolism 517 Futurism 517 Expressionism 517 Cubism 518

Cinema 518

16 Modernism 523

CONTEXTS AND CONCEPTS 524

Contexts 524

The Modern World in Conflict 524 Between the Wars 527 World War II 529 Science and War 531

Technology: Computers 532

Concepts 532

Pragmatism 532 Existentialism 533 Abstraction 533 Modernism 534

THE ARTS IN THE MODERN WORLD 534

Painting and Sculpture 534

Abstraction 535 Dada 535 Surrealism 536 American Painting 537

Profile: Georgia O’Keeffe 537

The Harlem Renaissance 539 Central American Painting 540 African and Primitive Influences 540

A Dynamic World: African Masks 540

Photography 542

Architecture 543

Masterwork: Buildings as Symbols 3: Wright, Kaufmann House 544

Theatre 547

Epic Theatre 547 Absurdism 547

Music 548

Modern Traditionalism 548 Departures 548 Jazz 550

Dance 550

Modern Dance 550

Literature 551

Modernism 551 The Chicago Renaissance 554 The Harlem Renaissance 555

Cinema 555

Europe 555 The Rise of the Studio 556 New Genres 556 Social Commentary 556

17 From Modernism to Postmodernism and Beyond 559

CONTEXTS AND CONCEPTS 560

Contexts 560

Decolonization 560 The Cold War 561 European Unification 562 Science and Liberty 562

Technology: Robots 562

Concepts 563

Postmodernism 563 Pluralism 563

THE ARTS FROM MODERNISM TO POSTMODERNISM AND BEYOND 564

Painting and Sculpture 565

Postwar Modernism 565

Masterwork: Organizing the Image 5: Frankenthaler, Buddha 566

Profile: Pablo Picasso 567

Postmodernism 577 Pluralism 585

Architecture 586

Postwar Modernism 586 Postmodernism 589 Pluralism 593

Theatre 593

Postwar Modernism 593 Postmodernism 594 Pluralism 596

Music 598

Postwar Modernism 599 Postmodernism 601

Profile: Richard Danielpour 602

Pluralism 603

Dance 605

Modern 605 Ballet 606 Postmodern 606 Pluralism 606

Literature 607

Postmodernism 607 Pluralism 608

Cinema 611

International Film and the Demise of the Studio 611 Pluralism 612

Glossary 614

Further Reading 622

Notes 624

Literary Acknowledgments 625

Picture Credits 626

Index 627

MAPS

1.1 Sites of prehistoric importance in Europe 33

1.2 The ancient Near and Middle East, showing peoples 34

2.1 The Aegean 55

3.1 Ancient Greece 77

4.1 The Roman Republic, 264—31 B.C.E. 114

4.2 The Roman Empire to 280 C.E. 115

5.1 Lands of the Bible, showing trade routes 143

5.2 The Roman Empire in the fourth century C.E. 148

5.3 The spread of Christianity 150

6.1 The empire of Justinian I, showing peoples 177

6.2 The Byzantine Empire, 1340—1403 179

6.3 The Byzantine and Islamic empires, 814 181<

The Creative Impulse introduces the arts of the Western tradition with a chronological organization. It covers a wide variety of subjects including painting, sculpture, architecture, theatre, music, dance, literature, and film, all in their historical context. Up-to-date material on modern artistic movements and achievements broadens the scope of the coverage.